Circle of Faith in Action - 647 Words

12/8/09 Christian Service Learning Essay: Circle of Faith-In-Action Through the story of the king and the sparrow, we come to realize the implications that social justice has on a community. In following the circle of faith-in-action, we realize the king became aware, analyzed, and acted only after his death. The circle of faith-in-action began with the kings awareness of his peoples suffering, then he analyzed his options to help, finally he acted by removing his jewels to help those in need. Although the king directly supported those in need through monetary donations, he effectively neglected their long term needs to survive. In relation to the story of the king, American society and culture can be used as a counterpoint to such†¦show more content†¦From Americas beginning, it has never been a respectful society; be it Native Americans, the poor, or minorities, America has always trampled upon their rights. America only respects power and wealth-the two usually go hand and hand- for it is through power that profit can be made. America is known for several controversies regarding respect for its inhabitants over its relatively short history; although these controversies have ended, there remains much contempt for those who struggled. Americas poor seem to be afflicted by a de facto sense of poverty, in that their homes, educational opportunities, and employment follow and circular pattern of failure. Americans depose those with a background of poverty, seeing them as virtually useless for the betterment of the nation. Through the nations ideals, America has become a disrespectful country, favoring only those who can contribute. In conclusion, America seems to be at war with itself and its inhabitants at all times, a seeming paradox, in which the nation is torn between justice and injustice. To have justice in America, one usually thinks of being generous, the real solution is to be aware of the suffering of others. In terms of respect America seems to be lacking; the disrespect of America seems to be a manifestation of our own problems. Harvard Medical School psychiatry professor Alvin Poussaint takes it one step further, I think its aShow MoreRelatedBeliefs within Aboriginal Spirituality and Buddhism1123 Words   |  4 Pagessuffering and discovering happiness in life to achieve the state of nirvana which ends the cycle of reincarnation. Through Aboriginal Spirituality and Buddhism, there are similar themes in beliefs between these religions such as beliefs upon spirits, the circle of balance and afterlife; in which these ideas demonstrate and distinguish the relation between Aboriginal Spirituality and B uddhism. Spirits are known as the souls of a people that are intangible and immortal. Buddhism affiliates spirits asRead MoreDiscipleship Is Not A Static Identity Essay1173 Words   |  5 Pagesobedience in faith. Through believing what revealed in Christ and trusting what command from Jesus to be his witness, human beings are activated as the partner in the relationship with Jesus and therefore participate in the covenant in Christ. From the point of view of Barth’s actualism, discipleship is a happening, an event, in Christ in whom the salvation is fulfilled. In short, discipleship as a relationship is the fulfillment of Salvation. For Barth, obedience as the concrete action of followingRead MoreWhat Is Spirituality Or Religion?1265 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinitions of spirituality and what is it related to. For some people, spirituality has no meaning outside the circle of the religion. On the other hand, some people say that spirituality can exist inside the religion and also outside the religion. People should stop relating spirituality to only religion. Instead, people should know the true meaning of spirituality outside the circle of the religion as it will open doors for knowledge and have a butter understanding and better life. In the UnitedRead MoreO’Connor’s Use of Dynamic Grace979 Words   |  4 Pages and hopefully enlighten the protagonist with the grace of God—protagonists like the grandma in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† Mrs. Turpin in â€Å"Revelation,† and Mrs. Cope in â€Å"A Circle in the Fire.† While the dramatic characters found within Oâ €™Connor’s stories, such as â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, â€Å"Revelation†, and â€Å"A Circle in the Fire,† are all depicted through unique situations and context, all are used as a direct means by which the main character is made aware of one’s conceited persona and becomesRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Dante s Inferno1016 Words   |  5 Pagesis why his writings reiterate that church and state should never intersect due to the fact it causes chaos within a city-state and enables corruption. Dante Alighieri unearths the irony of whom modern society values by making the claim that their faith in Hell is undeterred by historical glorification. Dante lived during the time of The Renaissance in the fourteenth century and influenced all of Western civilization. In this time all the wealthy families of Italy were causing its downfall; peopleRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Dante s Inferno1439 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand. The meaning was everyone who enters must take responsibility for their actions and leave behind their fears. This was them meeting their destiny for the sins they created. The first Circle of Hell is Limbo. This is a place reserved for the people who were ignorant of God when they were alive. â€Å"They did not sin; and yet, though they have merits, that’s not enough, because they lacked baptism, the portal of the faith that you embrace. And if they lived before Christianity they did not worshipRead More Divine Grace and Justice in Dantes Inferno Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pagesinstance, the wrathful are to attack each other for all eternity and the soothsayers are forever to walk around with their heads on backwards. Furthermore, Dante discovers that hell is comprised of nine different circles containing sinners guilty of one type of sin, and that these circles are in order based upon how great an opposition the sin is to Christian morality and the ultimate will of God. We see here how Christianity plays a major role in the structure of hell and the degree to which eachRead MoreThe Just Punishments in Dante’s Inferno1041 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough Hell and signifies the nature of sin on Earth and punishment in Hell (Gardner et al online). Those who sin ned while on Earth are justly condemned to different levels of punishments in Hell, relative to their sins on Earth. Each of the nine circles of Hell represents a worse sin, and therefore, a crueler punishment. The categorized punishments in Hell that Dante Alighieri assigns are symbolically fair and representative of the sins committed on Earth, given the time period and Christian valuesRead MoreWhat Is The Circle Of Life?928 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is the ‘Circle of Life?’ Everything we do on this earth is a part of our life, and what we do in our lives affects those around us. This connection speaks through every element of life we experience. When we say hello to a neighbour, water the grass, or even buy coffee, we are making a decision that will affect not only ourselves but those around us. It’s a weird thing to try and process, so undoubtedly many have tried to put it into words. This includes some of the top songwriters of our generationRead MoreAnalysis Of Inferno By Dante Alighieri1583 Words   |  7 PagesInferno, written by Dante Alighieri illustrates the idea of justice through the belief that with each action arise a consequence. What you sin above ground, you deal with under. Through this he gives examples of the sins done and the punishment that is inflicted from doing such thing as a disgrace to God. All through Dantes imagination and his views as to how it should be done, there is a punishment for each area of sin committed w hich is why a person who bribes will be in the further in the level

Reading Schedule Free Essays

Week 1 Tuesday 01/15 Introduction/Syllabus/ â€Å"Where I’m From† poem Thursday 01/17 Read â€Å"Brainology† by Carol Dweck Week 2 Tuesday 01/22 Read â€Å"Ain’t I a Woman† and â€Å"The Men We Carry In Our Minds† Thursday 01/24 Active Reading and Analysis Standards (posted on Blackboard under writing and reading tools) Week 3 Tuesday 01/29 Read â€Å"Narration† in Patterns; Read I Love Yous Are for White People Ch. 1-3 Thursday 01/31 Read I Love Yous Are for White People Ch. 4-5 Week 4 Tuesday 02/5 Read I Love Yous Are for White People Ch. We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Schedule or any similar topic only for you Order Now 6-7 Thursday 02/7 Read I Love Yous Are for White People Ch. 8 Week 5 Tuesday 02/12 Read I Love Yous Are for White People Ch. 9-11 Thursday 02/14 Read I Love Yous Are for White People Ch. 12 Week 6 Tuesday 02/19 Read I Love Yous Are for White People Ch. 13-14; Read I Love Yous Are for White People Epilogue, â€Å"About the book† and â€Å"Read on† Thursday 02/21 Read â€Å"Description† in Patterns page 143-148; Read â€Å"Exemplification† in Patterns page 199-201; Read â€Å"Process† in Patterns page 199-201 Week 7 Tuesday 02/26 Read â€Å"Cause and Effect† † in Patterns page 321-326; Read The Kite Runner pages 1-47 Thursday 02/28 Read The Kite Runner pages 48-58 Week 8 Tuesday 03/05 Read â€Å"Comparison and Contrast† in Patterns page 383-384; Read The Kite Runner pages 59-100 Thursday 03/07 The Kite Runner pages 101-124 Week 9 Tuesday 03/12 Read Classification and Division in Patterns pages 447-448 The Kite Runner pages 125-189 Thursday 03/14 The Kite Runner pages 190-223 Week 10 Tuesday 03/19 Read â€Å"Definition† in Patterns page 505-506; The Kite Runner pages 224-272 Thursday 03/21 The Kite Runner pages 273-292 Week 11 SPRING BREAK Tuesday 03/26 No Class Thursday 03/28 No Class Week 12 Tuesday 04/02 The Kite Runner pages 293-371 Thursday 04/04 Read â€Å"Argumentation† in Patterns page 547-548 Week 13 Tuesday 04/09 Read â€Å"Combining The Patterns† in Patterns page 705-706 Thursday 04/11 Read Scholarly Source Week 14 Tuesday 04/16 Read â€Å"Using Research in Your Writing† page 757-766 Thursday 04/18 Read â€Å"Using Research in Your Writing† page 766-782 Week 15 Tuesday 04/23 Read Scholarly Source Thursday 04/25 Read Scholarly Source Week 16 Tuesday 04/30 Read Scholarly Source Thursday 05/02 Read Scholarly Source Week 17 Tuesday 05/07 Read Scholarly Source Thursday05/09 Read Scholarly Source Week 18 Tuesday 05/14 Read Scholarly Source Thursday 05/16 Read Scholarly Source Week 19 Finals Week Tuesday 05/21 Final Exam How to cite Reading Schedule, Essay examples

Getting of Wisdom the Conversation

Question: Discuss about the Getting of Wisdom the Conversation. Answer: Introduction: There are many movies, books and stories where the concept of boys becoming men has worked out really well. Starting from the ever famous David Copperfield, to Holden Caulfield to Henry Handel Richardsons The Getting of Wisdom, all revolves around the experience of getting wisdom in life. However, the movie The Getting of Wisdom instead of a boy focuses on the maturation of a girl and revolves around happening in her school. The book is considered to be the best story book revolving around schools till date (Smith, 2014).The movie is considered to be one of the finest made movies regarding adolescents of Australia unaffected by time and space. A very well said story with great finishing and attention to detail (Buckmaster, 2015). The Getting of Wisdom falls under the rebellion category of movies depicting the transforming nature and persona of young girls against the conservative social cultural structure of the country at that time. In the movie the school is shown to be the center of microcosm in Australia with a hidden hint of satire (Byrnes, 2012). The novel is set in a girls private school where students come from some privileged backgrounds. The novel has been set at a time which was much before the First World War. The primary student character here, comes from a house which has financial problems. Such was not experienced by other students. This Irish novel is based on the character Laura. The major part of the story is an encounter in between the impulsive unsophisticated high spirited Laura and her desire for fitting in. By fighting the relentless determination of her companions to outcast her, Laura often found her own self to be her own enemy. Owing to the familys financial status she faced these problems in her school. Laura is ridiculed for the shocking type of clothing and the innocence of high society values. To compensate to these problems she tries to shine throughout her class. She uses to observe and play piano along with absolute brilliance to show her talent. She is willing to almost do anything to fetch atten tion and acceptance from her peers. The entire movie has a rebellious nature. The novel shows Laura to be gaining friendship with an offside Cupid, M.P. She is the most privileged and beautiful student and older to Laura in age. He name is Evelyn. The strong infatuation of Laura with an older girl has a strong sexual hint in it. There is irony in the name of the book itself. The wisdom Laura learns conforms and says about the expectations of her companions from her. It is the author Richardsons beautiful depiction and autobiographical element that makes Laura the central character of the movie showing inner strength, moral genuinity and superiority of a different level. Laura objects to what is the usual. She objects to bullying and snobbery as she is the victim here. The classic end of the movie showing Laura walking out of the gates of the school is a sign about the rebel inside her. It is her showing what she really is inside not caring out the world and its considerations (Kennedy, 2012). The spread of rumour during the age of adolescence has been seen to be as problematic and skillful as during the period of the Medici Court. The speed with which secrets are shared and betrayed is the same speed with which reputations are made and destroyed. The Getting of Wisdom focuses on the aspect of growing up along with sharp activities. The portrait of Susannah Fowle displays the painful aspect of the juggle with the problems of trial to win the approval of peers. The only friend named Laura was thrown out of the school in order to steal money to buy a gift for her. Towards the end, Laura is shown to have settled down with a senior who had a lot of money in hand. But then again, she becomes dependent on Evelyn and moves her away. The irony of the concl usion of the movie is that the woman learns how to lie, cheat and betray people. With this she tends to win a large number of awards and acknowledgements for her performance. The wisdom that was received by her from the people around is questionable. She still survives and wins half the battle (Anonymous). Coonardoo Coonardoo is a story about a female character that is the heroine of the movie and is aboriginal by race. A tragic love story in between a white man and an aboriginal black woman. The sexual factor in between them was unusual to the society during that time when real love is considered to be a daring thing. And it was considered to be a scandal (Lawrence, 2010).. The movie, Coonardoo takes place at a desolate cattle station located in the West Northern side of Australia at Wytaliba. It is a tragic movie. Here three generation of white settlers along with the main character Mrs Bessue with her son Hughie and the daughter of Hughie is shown. Here a young aboriginal girl of same age of Hughie grows up parallelly with him. COonardoo and Hughie are bound to one another although they do not belong to the same cultural set (Wright, 2012). The story has an inherent complexity and a densely packed narrative. It is a movie about conflict in relations in between Coonardoo and Hugh due to their social status and caste. Throughout childhood there was equality. But as Hugh returns to Wytaliba after completing his education, he is the white master while his childhood friend Coonardoo is a black servant. Coonardo in the meanwhile is married to the tribal leader Warieda and has children. But her devotion for her childhood friend Hugh remains unaltered. The love in between people of different races was unthinkable (Anonymous) . In this movie the characterization of the novels have been inevitably done in an uneven manner. Here there is a conflict shown as the author has not shown the entire characterization of Coonardoo properly because she is a black woman. Although the audience knows everything about her there is unevenness in the portrayal of the Aboriginal and non- Aboriginal characters. A very honest illumination has been drawn honestly. These characters are perhaps not in the usual novelistic sense. Among the characters who are shown as white. Hugh is shown to be having problems with his mother who has worked on the cattle at Wytaliba. It is an interesting thing one can note over here that men and women of Aboriginal origin constructed in the movie has been shown as sex objects for serving white men or women. They were once treated as children. But with years, as they mature author shows how they were dominated. Author Prichard here shows Coonardoo as an Aboriginal intricate person who attempts to hum anize the Australian aboriginals. This has been simultaneously reinforced by the authors confusing essence of her submission to the prevailing ideology in the year. Hugh undergoes guilt at the time as he is wearied of the cruel Australian environment. He assures his own self and to Coonardoo who is an indigenous on her own. There was no harm that was caused to her in the range. The question is whether she was a part of the place or the life. The most important factor is is the blank that was made in the life of the homestead where she was basically living. Another question to be pointed out is the fact that a man like this could be believed or not and how the man would feel about a gin (Prichard, p. 228, 1929). The phallocentric views highlights Prichard's understanding of racism in the 1920s where relationship between whites and blacks were not accepted. Indigenous Australian women were used as sexual things as shows by Sams actions. The Australian outback has been termed in Coonardoo as a destination that had the ability to: isolate and cause problems to individuals with respect to mental, physical and financial means through distance and weather conditions. Themes of sustaining racism between absolutely different cultures can be witnessed even today. Summer of the Seventeenth Doll The Film Summer of the Seventeenth Doll also termed as commonly as the Doll was set in Melbourne in the summer of 1953-54. In this movie, an Australian playwright with the name of Ray Lawler showcases the ways through which changing situations often pressurize the team to rethink who we are as an individual, vision of self and the future at the end of the day. A change in the dynamics of the group can be seen with the moving in and out of individuals from the group under consideration. This may also consider growing older in age or change in the priorities. What so ever may be the challenge, we need to revisit the relevancy of our dreams and priorities. The non ability to change and adapt may have highly bad results for happiness and a good life. When the replacement of Pearl happens with Nancy and Roo with Johnny, all have to go through alterations of identity and perception of themselves. They even had to revisit the way they dealt with one another and the terms of the same. The yo uthful dreams had to be replaced with something more important. (Anonymous). This movie is about growth, harmony and personal development.The movie tell us about the illusions of life. It encompasses public a well as private areas of one's life. Here the movie is based on the Australian context. Here in the play the author debunks the myth of ideas about mateship. Author Ray Lawyer wrote this piece in his fifties. But the spirit has never gone out. It is difficult to say what kept the audience gob-smacked for almost over a decade. Perhaps it is the stark realism or the endless setting, summer grinding or just because of the sheer emotional density of the matter. However, there is no denial that the Summer of the Seventeenth Doll is still Australias most praised worthy play out there. Every summer this play is played for 17 years. Here Olive Leech opens the door to Roo and Barney who brings a Kewpie Doll with them as a souvenir. However the things become different in the present year. Here Olive invites her friend Pearl. There is an awkward introduction made to these rough boys who are threatened by the peaceful household traditional. There is no doubt that it is a masterpiece and is written with full complexities and emotions.The play has a real life comedically angle associated with it. It is incredibly witty and has something which one can n ot expect unless one watches it full (Rudd, 2015).. There is a great deal of depth and many layers in Summer of the Seventeenth Doll: it is essentially about masculinity and alpha males coming to terms with being replaced by younger, fitter, stronger men, but it is also about life choices and how to make the most of life. The summer party lifestyle that has been convenient and worked effectively for everyone for so many years is abruptly interrupted and none of the characters adapt or understand their predicament they are in a childlike state of denial that they will ever age and have responsibilities (Elliot, 2015). Lawlers writing is still delightfully relevant, peppered with vernacular Aussie-isms. His structure neatly builds characters and their relationships by having them share the stage in a series of pairs as the tension builds and releases, sometimes lying to themselves as well as to each other as the growing complexity of denial, avoidance and fear of change builds to a fragmented conclusion (and they didnt live happily ever after). The neat set by Pip Runciman is far from the original cluttered, multi-coloured 1950s suburban lounge room. With its wide, simple spaciousness the crumbling individuals could be posed in a lonely expanse. All the walls are scrims which could be lit (by Nigel Levings) in varying moods, and could reveal the outside as well as the other rooms, where the actors could be still present when they were not. The music by Quentin Grant was sensitively written and used to emphasise fittingly the emotional content, as in a film of the fifties. These mechanisms combine with the acting and direction to show how a classic can survive, and 60 years later, still have immediate relevance to the ever-changing, yet ever the same human condition (Bleby, 2015). References Smith, Michelle. The case for Henry Handel Richardsons The Getting of Wisdom.the conversation. 2014 Buckmaster, Luke. The Getting of Wisdom rewatched. the Guardian. 2015 Byrnes, Paul, The Getting of Wisdom, AusralianScreen, 2012 Kennedy, J. (2012). The Getting of Wisdom, Retrieved from https://retireereaders.blogspot.in/2012/06/getting-of-wisdom-by-henry-handel.html Wright, J. (2012). On Coonardoo. Retrieved from: https://griffithreview.com/coonardoo-katharine-susannah-prichard/ Anonymous. Summary. Retrieved from: https://www.enotes.com/topics/coonardoo Lawrence, F. (2010). Coonardoo. Retrieved from: https://retireereaders.blogspot.in/2010/08/coonardoo-by-katherine-susannah.html Rudd, J. (2015). Theatre Review. Retrieved from: https://www.glamadelaide.com.au/main/theatre-review-summer-of-the-seventeenth-doll-2/ Elliot, G. (2015). Summer of the Seventeenth Doll. Retrieved from: https://indaily.com.au/arts-and-culture/theatre/2015/04/29/summer-of-the-seventeenth-doll/ Anonymous. The Getting of Wisdom. Retrieved from: https://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/films/reviews/view/7642 Applebee, L. (2015). Coonardoo Review. Retrieved from: https://www.weekendnotes.com/coonardoo-book-review/ Bleby, P. (2015). Summer of the Seventeenth Doll in Adelaide. Retrieved from: https://aussietheatre.com.au/reviews/summer-seventeenth-doll-adelaide

Personal Constructs Essays - , Term Papers

Personal Constructs Beatrice Taylor Ashford University / Teresa Plummer COM 321 Communication Theory June 11 , 2017 /Personal Constructs Family Member: Lecture, has all the correct answers, A Helper, Love's working with children, encouraging, and educator, role model. A Teacher: Lecture, all the answers, A Helper, Love's working with children, encouraging, and educator, a role model. Family member: Is a mother of five, works in the recovery field, has a husband, has a religious faith, provides outreach to those in need, grandmother of one. A Teacher: Single female, no children, attends yoga twice a week, belongs to a bike club, meditates once a day, only eats vegetables and fruits, speaks three different languages. Female friend: Mother of two, rides a motorcycle, outgoing, educated, supports others, works hard, owns her own home. Male friend: The father of three, drives a spider three-wheeler, likes to have fun, helps when help is needed on cars, live skills instructor, homeowner, works twelve-hour shifts five days a week. Female friend: Has a husband, bus driver, monthly cycle, long hair, pretty, wears high heels, wears a bra. Male friend: works in the law enforcement, stands up to use the restroom, handsome, works out four days a week, balled headed no hair. Family member: Mother of five, work in the recovery field, a husband, religious faith, grandmother of one. Myself: work in the helping field working with the mentally ill population, mother of seven, attend church often, grandmother of five, two degrees. Family member: Short, overweight, small car, likes to be waited on as being needy, needs to be the center of attention, Myself: Low key, tall, supportive, nice body form, active listener, strong personality. I think I give a person the benefit of the doubt, and try not to be close-minded because there's no one perfect, but I must look at myself before I can look at anyone else, but I think I did a pretty good job with my constructs of others and myself. I'm a low-key person and I don't talk a lot, but I'm very observant, and I try to get a feel of the person behaviors and action, yes it plays a part in how communication takes place. Stereotyping I think plays a part in all thoughts, but I know for myself that I can't go through life pointing fingers, others cultures in a box, as all are the same and have the same behaviors just because of what one or two people of the same culture doesn't speak to others of this culture with that being said we cannot place all of this culture in the same box. I try not to stereotype, but I have, to be honest with all of the things taking place in the world today; there are a few cultures that make me a little nerve. No, I don't place men and women in the same constructs. Men and women are like night and day. Boys are knotty, and girls are sweet. I feel that my separate constructs with male and female. I don't feel that I place myself on a higher level of anyone. Who am I to feel that I'm all that and a bag of chips. There are people with millions and billions of dollars, and that's the only thing that would make you different from me. Having money and authority changes peoples and their behavior. When all that has been removed, you are as human as the other man I thank taking the time to get to know a person before making your personal constructs; get to know the person not just your first impression of a person due to not knowing what's going on with the person. You must be open-minded and be approachable, and most of all don't judge a book by its cover. We should try and work on avoiding stereotyping because as I stated earlier you never know what a person is going through. For example, you see a classmate you don't really know her, but you have seen her in a couple of classes, in addition, you have greeted each other with a Hello, You observe this person in the hall, and you say hello, and she just

buy custom The Cold War essay

buy custom The Cold War essay The Cold War refers the period of tension, competition, and conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States and their allies since the mid 1940s to the early 1990s (Roberts, 2011). It was among the longest and costliest conflicts in human history, which took place over the duration of seventy years, with periodic letups in the degree of hostility. The Cold War was also the worlds war of the widest scope, because it took place on every continent on Earth and, taking into consideration the space race, over each continent. Throughout the period, the rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States happened in multiple arenas: ideology, espionage, and psychology; military coalitions; military and technological developments; industrial, which includes the space race; many proxy wars; a massive nuclear and conventional arms race; and costly defense spending (Roberts, 2011). The Cold War occurred in a number of means, such as propaganda, diplomatic haggling, economic war, and military clashes. It also took place in a number of places, including neutral states, newly independent countries in Asia and Africa, and in outer space (Roberts, 2011). This research paper will consider the reason of the Cold War, influences of the Cold War, the beneficiaries of the Cold War, and sufferers of the Cold War. Reasons of Cold War The most significant reason of Cold War was the United States' fear of USSR. However, a number of factors led to Cold War since about 1946 to 1991 (Martin, 2011). Political Reasons Once the Second World War had ended, the Berlin wall split Germany into two parts, which were West Germany and East Germany. Soviet Union was in charge of the East Germany while Europe was in charge of the West Germany. Since the Cold War had become dominant in the place of Soviet Union and European lands, the two super powers experienced the most impacts. The United States experienced less severe effects, so they provided free support to enable Europe rebuild. The Soviet Union did not accept assistance for its invaded territorial dominions and themselves. The United States want to scare USSR with exploding the atomic artillery (Martin, 2011). The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) kept the Germans down, the Soviet Union outside, and the Americans inside (Martin, 2011). The trouble with the alliance of America with NATO included the attempt to attain acceptance as neutral; but it is not possible to be neutral while at the same time be an element of an alliance that is against Soviet Union. Therefore, Soviet Union anticipated it with the Warsaw Pact, which, however, broke up when the communist nations fell (Martin, 2011). Economic Reasons The United States wanted to promote free trade across the world while the Soviet Union wanted to shield off her republics from globalization. Russia was not to accept trading with the West, because it would disclose its risk to western influences, which would have weakened the strength of the totalitarian government (Martin, 2011). The United States supplied enough war materials to the Allied countries through the Land-Lease program during the Second World War (Komska, 2011). As this program suddenly ended, the war-ravaged Soviet Union failed to obtain American materia support to help in the economic reconstruction after the war. These differences resulted in much ill feeling between the Soviet Union and the United States (Martin, 2011). Technological Reasons Many people claim that the invention and use of Sputnik was the significant reason that resulted in the Cold War (Martin, 2011). Moreover, Americans expressed fears because the Soviet Union could launch the satellite up in the sky, build powerful artillery, and place it on the satellite. Therefore, the aggression of Soviet Union made Sputnik satellite to be extremely terrific. This forced the super powers into war in the period between 1950s and 1960s. Atomic bomb was another technological device that might have resulted in the Cold War. The Unites States designed and built atomic bombs. When the Soviet Union realized the presence of the atomic bomb, they felt the power of the United States has overwhelmed their power. The Soviet Union tried to build an atomic bomb just like the United States do, but when the United Sates caught realized this, they started building a more powerful hydrogen bomb (Martin, 2011). Ideological Reasons The United States expressed fears regarding communism, because Americans believed in ideology. This meant that, when a nation joined communism, they would be the next victims. Containment was their solution for this, which played into the hands of Stalin. The United States became stronger with respect to military in order to ensure that they do not fall to communism (Komska, 2011). Influence of the Cold War The Cold War was a significant influence on almost every aspect of American society. Cultural enmity between the Soviet Union and the United States had both negative and positive reverberations. Mutual fear between the Soviet Union and the United States led to political confrontations; some of which almost led to the next world war (Martin, 2011). Different economic philosophies led to opposing claims of what independence meant, and economic competition resulted in massive military expenditure by both nations. Because of its influence, the Cold War acted as the defining event of the 20th centurys second half and affected almost all American domestic and foreign policy decisions in varying extents (Martin, 2011). The Cold War is a significant event because it divided the world into two different military blocs. The United States and Soviet Union set up military alliances in many parts across the world. Ideological rivalry is another influence of the Cold War. The United States established military bases across the world in order to use them against the danger of communist aggression. The Cold War influenced the occurrence of a race for powerful and deadlier weapons. This is one of the most dangerous effects of the Cold War, because the super powers developed nuclear bombs. The testing of nuclear weapon resulted in serious hazards to the civilians. Therefore, the race for armaments during the Cold War had created the danger to the survival of human beings (Martin, 2011). Beneficiaries and Sufferers of the Cold War The greatest advantage of the Cold War for the weak countries was that they could protect their national interests in line with their religious, cultural, and political environments. The weak countries were free to befriend any of the super power and use it to their benefit. The weaker countries of the world, like in Latin America, Africa, and Asia, could resolve their external and internal disputes by seeking help from their respective friend who was a super power (Saull, 2011). Such assistance was never conditional, because both the super powers would attempt to draw maximum nations under their influence. The recent example of Bosnia includes a case where America did not intervene in the period between 1992 and 1995, when the Serbs were perpetuating austerities on Muslim minority. It was only after 1995, due to a lot of criticism, that America came in and solved the issue. If it were a bipolar system, the resolution of the issue could have occurred in a much earlier period (Martin, 2011). In the period of the Cold War, any super power was not able to exploit the weak countries because the other super power would come for the rescue. However, in the present contexts, with the exception of few powerful nations, majority of the nations is liable to undergo exploitation due to a single world power. Nations like Pakistan have little alternatives, as was the case after September, 9, when Pakistan had no alternative except siding with America. The United States, being the single dominant power, is perusing various goals across the world by pressurizing weaker countries through regional hegemonic countries (Roberts, 2011). Pakistan befriended America and enjoyed more benefits than America did during the Cold War. In moral terms, America should have looked after the interests of Pakistan after the end of Cold War, but the things happened in other way round. India is a weak country that had befriended Russia, but later on, emerged as a strategic friend to America (Saull, 2011). Certainly, the Cold War was a war, and the Soviet Union, certainly, was the loser (Martin, 2011). The Soviet Union failed in its efforts to conquer the world, and has lost. The saddest example of such failure for the Soviet Union was the war in Afghanistan. For the United States, it was Vietnam, which suffered several years of bloody conflict that cost the lives of numerous Vietnamese people. Across sub-Saharan Africa, the Cold War caused, perhaps, the most negative impact on the developing world. Angola, for instance, suffered one of the longest conflicts in modern history (Komska, 2011). The Cold War was the longest and costliest event that occurred between the Soviet Union and the United States. This even took place because of a number of reasons, classified as political, technological, economic, and ideological reasons. The Cold War had significant influences to the lives of people, which resulted into both negative and positive reverberations (Martin, 2011). For instance, the invention of nuclear bombs led to the presence of deadliest weapons, which are also significant in maintaining security. The Cold War has both beneficiaries and suffers depending on its influences (Saull, 2011). Some of the weaker countries in Asia, Latin America, and Africa benefitted from the Cold War, because the super powers protected their national interests in line with their religious, cultural, and political environments. However, some weaker countries like Angola suffered one of the longest conflicts in modern history due to the Cold War (Martin, 2011). Buy custom The Cold War essay

Analysis Of Budget Airline Company Indigo Airlines Tourism Essay

Analysis Of Budget Airline Company Indigo Airlines Tourism Essay Indigo airlines are planning to introduce new promotional offers for the potential customers. The aim of the organisation is to increase the current market share by at least 30%.The goal of this marketing plan is to outline a new marketing strategy to attract the potential customers from other airlines, to attract the first time travellers as well. The demographic for the organisation consists people of all age groups with average income and middle class life style. In a recent survey it has been found that in India more than 20% people prefer air travel more than any other transport facility. Due to the sudden increase in the market for airline travel it can be said that it is easy to capitalise on the current image of the firm, however it could be a little difficult to gain competitive advantage in front of the competitors. Quality for the firm is the most important thing so quality can never be compromised with and that is the motto of the firm. 1. Introduction Organization and p roduct Indigo airline is a low cost airlines company operating from India since 2006. It has been very successful in the low cost airlines business from the time they have begun operations. They are one of the market leaders in the low cost airlines service providers and have a very good reputation in the Indian market. The reason for their good reputation is because of their punctuality and the service that they provide. Indigo airlines are currently catering to the needs of the domestic travellers in India and have been flying the sky since 2006. It has gained advantage in the market due to the punctuality and the prices that they offer to the customers. The need for new product offers arise from the increasing market which is growing at a rapid rate. The new offers for the airlines can not only attract potential customers but can also attract the loyal customers of other airlines as it would be very cost effective making it affordable. â€Å"The award-winning low-fare airline th at is redefining the airline business in India bagged the NDTV Profit Business Leadership Award 2009 in the category of Aviation†. (ndtv.com) Strategic Plan and Focus To achieve the firm’s strategic direction, the firm’s objectives, mission, aims, goals and competitive advantage have been created to offer an image and vanguard for the firm’s success. In accumulation, to determine the extent of the services and products that are offered by the organisation, and the primary environmental commitment towards nation and the aviation industry, are also important aspects of the company’s strategic direction and focus. Mission Statement Indigo airlines aims to become the number one leader in the low cost airline industry of India, offering the best service and ensuring highest standards of quality at low cost to the customer. Goals and Objectives Non- Financial Indigo airlines aim to attain the utmost rank of customer satisfaction in terms of the service an d products offered by the firm. The management ensures that the highest standards of quality are in place at every level to ensure 100% customer satisfaction.

Communication and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Communication and Society - Essay Example Crucial to these claims is the position that communication could refer to the most common and the most mundane. This is Carey's way of using the cultural approach to defining and explaining what communication is. This is the case in the sense that human daily activities collectively constitute the meanings and the reality that we perceive. The Mobile Texting Phenomenon To demonstrate Carey’s position, there is the case of the use of short messaging system (SMS) in mobile phones. If one examines how people communicate through this platform closely, one will find a uniquely different lexicon employed. "How are you?" becomes "hw r u?" or "You are late." becomes "u r l8". Words are radically shortened by redacting words or substituting figures to represent sounds in order to accommodate the restrictions posed by the messaging service. Cell phones usually allow only 160 characters per message. According to Lindholm, Keinonen and Kiljander (2003), â€Å"in advanced phone markets, a s in Scandinavia, Germany, or the Philippines, a whole new culture has been born around text messages as a response to the limitations 160 characters impose.† (p115) This is in addition to other variables like the way the messaging application and interface are designed and the way people interact with it. An excellent example to demonstrate the above points is the use of the so-called "emoticons", symbols that convey emotions. For instance, there is the case of the smiley, :-) an emoticon used to express how pleased one is, or an agreement or a greeting depending on the context of the conversation. The resulting communication process and symbols start to create a reality for people that eventually form collectivities that emerge as social, cultural, and even political forces and even institutions. The severely shortened language, for one, has triggered an attitude among people today to prefer simple, fast and mobile way of doing things. Blogs or online journals became popular way back but it never achieved the degree of wide usage that Twitter has achieved today. Dubbed as a micro blogging platform, Twitter lets users use its service to publish details about people's daily lives in short, concise and uncomplicated manner, not unlike the way people would "SMS" or "text" others. This is in contrast to the way users are required to publish elaborate and detailed messages in traditional blogs like Blogger or Wordpress. The implication of this development in the context of communication and the manner by which it could shape reality is the way it affects behaviors. People become increasingly impatient with details and this is reflected in the way they conduct their affairs and what they expect from their interactions with others. The significance of the SMS phenomenon can also be described from a critical point of view. For example, Patajo-Legasto (2010) argued that mobile phones stifle literacy and young people’s ability to communicate in the real wo rld in real time by â€Å"wrecking havoc on spelling and grammar, and its erosion, in tandem with mindless computer games and Internet chat rooms.† (p410) Several other problems and criticisms were outlined. For instance, Clark and Brody stated: Part of the anxiety surrounding texting arises from its perceived tendency to disrupt protocols of recognition and

The Economic Lessons for Canada from Ireland's Success Story Essay - 1

The Economic Lessons for Canada from Ireland's Success Story - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that in the recent years, the economy of Ireland has shifted its focus from being an agricultural economy to a more knowledge-based economy. The focus is more on the trade, investment, service sectors and the high technology industries. Ireland is considered as one of the wealthiest economies among the OECD countries. According to the reports of PWC, the economy is expected to have a GDP growth rate of 0.8% in the year 2011. Â  Ireland is a globalized economy with the second largest GDP in the EU. During the period of the Celtic Tiger; its GDP grew in a double-digit figure. The countries GDP growth rate was consistent at 6% till 2008, after which it faced a drastic fall in its GDP owing to the global recession. The economic growth also resulted in a high inflation rate. However, the prices fell in light of the global recession, and as per the reports till 2009, the inflation rate fell by 4.5%. Fall in the inflation rate is good for an econ omy as it also boosts the investment sector. The public finances also registered a positive growth due to the strength of Ireland’s economy. The rate of employed people grew drastically and the unemployment figure fell. The average unemployment rate is expected to be 13% in the year 2011. The economy has only 5.5% of its population below the poverty line. US investments is one of the factors that helped in Ireland’s growth as well as modernization by increasing its employment opportunities, export potentials and enriching its technology.

One Year in a Life of Crime Essay Example for Free

One Year in a Life of Crime Essay There are many contributing factors that can lead to living a life of crime, totally unaware of how self-satisfying actions can negatively affect the people around you. The show HBO’s America Undercover â€Å"One Year in a Life of Crime†, is a perfect example of how there can be many factors that will lead you down a path of self destruction. But in the end it is the relationships we have with our parents, family and friends that ultimately shape the type of person we are and affect the decisions that we make. A contributing factor is something that is partly responsible for a development or something that lead to the cause of something else. If we can identify the contributing factors to an undesirable situation that we may be in, then we can learn to avoid them in the future. Or we can even learn from other people’s mistakes. The show â€Å"One Year in a Life of Crime† could be very beneficial for a younger audience to identify contributing factors that lead you down the wrong path in life. Maybe if the thieves’ in the show could have viewed something like this at an earlier time in their life, things might have turned out different for them. Rationalizing and wishful thinking is a contributing factor that prevents the thieves’ from thinking realistically about their future. Rationalization, also known as making excuses, is a way to devise self-satisfying but incorrect reasons for ones behavior. To not see reality for what is it. We all do this from time to time but the individuals in the show seem to rationalizing everything as a way to justify the bad choices they have made. Rob rationalizes his stealing in the scene where we meet his father for the first time. Rob’s father Ed works all week long and only brings home $80, which Rob describes as peanuts. To survive, you have to make extra money, is one way Rob justifies his stealing. In his mind, if he didn’t steal, his family couldn’t survive. In many scenes we hear Rob wishing for this and wishing for that. I wish for a big business so I can make a million dollars and if only I could get some money together to buy hot dog truck. Rob is unwilling to work hard to achieve any of his goals. Fred, who is Rob’s mentor in regards to shoplifting, is even worse when it comes to rationalizing he’s behavior. He can’t believe his old lady left with their little girl after he promised to stop getting high but then couldn’t follow through with his promise. He tells an old friend he wants to stop doing drugs and stealing but it’s just too much for him to handle now that his old lady has left him. Rationalizing helps them justify their own lazy attitude towards hard work and making an honest living. The prevailing attitude towards stealing instead of working is another contributing factor that keeps the thieves’ from getting ahead in life. Easy money for little effort, such as shop-lifting, can be very attractive to some people and they will choose this life style. But the way life works is the more you put into something the more you will get out. If you’re willing to work hard and not give up, there is a good chance you will be successful in whatever you choose to do. When we look at Rob we can see he is always looking for easy money. Rob can’t believe his father works for such little money when there are other ways to make a living. He thinks his father is foolish. When Rob was working for a neighborhood mechanic he had saved over a thousand dollars but thought the job wasn’t paying enough. In his mind, the amount of time and work he needed to put-in, didn’t equal the pay he was receiving. Stealing is easier and doesn’t require a full day’s work. It’s hard to say no to easy money when there is only a small chance of getting caught and if you do get caught, then the punishment is light or non-existent. When a city does not have the resources to deal with a large volume of crime, the justice system can seem like a revolving door for the criminals. If the smaller criminals have to be overlooked because the system is swamped with major crimes, then the threat of jail time for shoplifting looses its power. Time after time we see both Fred do little jail time for his crimes. The first time me meet Fred, he’s accidentally been released from jail after only doing 60 days of a one year sentence. He’s been out of jail for one day and he’s already back to shoplifting. Four months later Fred is arrested for Grand Larceny and Vehicular Homicide. He uses an alias along with a phony I.D. to hide his extensive criminal record and ends up out of jail in just three weeks after plea-bargaining down to minor charges as a â€Å"first offender†. Fred was responsible for the death of someone and because of an overwhelmed justice system he is set free. After you get away with something like this how much of a deterrent is the law when it comes to shoplifting? Not much to Fred because just three months later he’s arrested for stealing silverware and end up in jail for six months. Of course each time we see the thieves’ stealing they are always with a friend, an accomplice, someone who thinks and acts the same way they do. Enabling is a larger contributing factor as to why our thieves live the life that they do. An enabler is a person who, through their actions, allows someone else to behave in a destructive way. Enabling/reinforcing negative behavior by lying, ignoring or covering up for someone not only allows negative behavior to continue but also slows down the process of learning to be responsible for the consequences of their actions. The most common example in the show is the relationship the thieves have with each other. Rob is mentored by Fred in the ways of shoplifting and along with their friend Mike, reinforces their life style as being just and the only way they can survive in the world. Rob’s wife Angela is the perfect example of an â€Å"enabler†. Throughout the year that the show takes place we see Angela enabling Rob to continuing stealing. All she wants is for Rob to marry her and if stealing is the only way for Rob to make money, then she will support whatever decisions he makes. At the end of the show we see Rob has become a drug addict and Angela is still with him even though she hates what Rob is doing to himself. She would rather say nothing then confront him. It’s a lot less work being an enabler then it is confronting Rob and trying to help him. Mike’s mother is another example of how enabling has a negative impact on learning to be responsible for one’s own actions. She bails Mike out of jail and losses the bail money because her son takes off. I’m guess here, but I would bet she knows where he is hiding out and her only reaction is to be indifferent to Mike decision which just cost her $750. The relationships we have with our friends and family play a strong role on how we think and the decision we make. The most important contributing factor as to why the thieves are in their situation has to do with how they were raised. The values they were taught and relationship they have with their parents. We can see Rob is in a pattern of self-destructive behavior and one of the biggest influences is his father. From the show we find out that Rob’s father is an alcoholic, would hit him and also throw out Rob’s toys. Rob even describes a scene where his father rips apart one of his favorite toys, a stuffed bunny rabbit. Here we can see why Rob might think it is ok steal. He learned from his father that if you are strong or smart enough to impose your will on someone then it is ok to take what you want. In Rob’s eyes this is how the world works. This is what his father did to him so he is repeating the same behavior when he shop-lifts. We can only guess at the relationship Fred has with his parents but we know that one of his uncles was a drug addict and Fred witness his un cle taking drugs. It’s a good possibility Fred’s family didn’t discourage drug use or educate him in regards to the negative impact drugs will have on your life. From the time we are born we start to soak in our environment. We start to learn from everything around us. How we act socially mainly comes from the observations and interactions we have with our parents. We learn how to speak, how to ask for things and how to interact with others. When we are children the most important relationship we will have is with our parents and this can greatly affect our adolescences and adulthood. Our role models in life can help shape who we will become. If we see from our parents that hard work and following the rules doesn’t get you very far then we might have an attitude that working hard isn’t the way to go. Without good role models the odd are stacked against us and some individuals will take the easy road of a thieves’ life style. We can change our behavior later in life but it can be a difficult process and most people are not even aware that a change is needed.

The Boy Who Will Never Be a Man :: Free Essay Writer

The Boy Who Will Never Be a Man I believe The Man Who Was Almost A Man is an example of imprudent youth. The story is of a boy who wants a gun for all the wrong reasons. His thoughts are of manhood. He associate a gun with manhood, yet fails miserably to understand the concept of manhood or the responsibility that’s closely connected with it. On the surface, the message of the story is that of a stupid, deceitful, unkind, violent, black boy with dreams of becoming a man with all its grandeur. As is seen in the text when the protagonist witness men in the field shooting their guns. The protagonist, known as Dave, decides promptly that he will purchase a gun and impress the men with his skill in handling the weapon (655). We see that Dave wishes dearly to gain the respect and power so closely associated with manhood. This man who is almost a man, deserves to be called â€Å"boy† at 17 and forever. Dave is not ready to be a man, he is not ready to except the responsibility allied with the designation of being a man. The story ends with a kindly white man being cheated out of $50 and the protagonist, the black boy-man, riding off into the night with nothing but anger, a gun and a long track record of poor judgment. Upon further examination, Dave appears to be less responsible for his shortcomings. His poverty is deep and his parents are awful and he has no future. In his environment there is practically no way he could grow up and develop self-respect and the respect of others. Dave is treated just like a mule, given no responsibility, not even the chance to hold on to part of his earnings. This is seen when Joe, the store owner ask â€Å"your ma letting you have your own money now?†(656). Dave doesn’t want a gun; he wants to be a man. This is a natural, healthy desire that hasn't yet been beat out of him. The fact that he thinks a gun will do the trick is ignorant, but the only solution his environment can have him imagine. Dave’s belief that having a gun will make him a man is ridiculous and repellent but as the story turns out, his pursuit of having a gun is his ticket out of town, his only hope for becoming a man.

Pleading and Michael Dell

Dell Computer Case Questions Please provide a detailed answer to each of the following six questions for the Dell Computer case. 1. What has made Dell Succeed to date? 2. What is Dell’s position in the industry to date? 3. An August 12, 2002 Business Week article, indicated that by 2007 Dell intended to double revenues to $60 billion. How should Dell go about building the nearly $6 billion annual sales growth needed to achieve that target? 4. What are the implications of your recommendation?How will it affect Dell as a company? 5. If you disagree with Michael Dell’s growth target from Question #3 above, what would your alternative recommendation be? Why? 6. Dell has the following Code of Conduct ? â€Å"How We Win,† Dell's Code of Conduct, provides general guidance to all team members on how to behave legally and ethically, and in compliance with the letter and spirit of applicable legal requirements, Dell policies and our ethical principles. It serves as a guide book for living our value of winning with integrity. Our Code of Conduct,  a fundamental component of our culture of integrity here at Dell, has been extensively revised and updated to bring it into alignment with our purpose and values, as well as with our business, brand and people strategies. ? Our reputation as an ethical company and trustworthy business partner is one of our most valuable assets and critical to our success. To safeguard our reputation and our brand, we hold ourselves to standards of ethical behavior that go well beyond legal minimums. Our ethical principles are: ? We are honest.What we say is true and forthcoming — not just technically correct. We are open and transparent in our communications with each other and about our business performance. ? We are trustworthy. Our word is good. We keep our commitments to each other and to our stakeholders. We do the right thing without compromise. We avoid even the appearance of impropriety. ? We treat others wit h respect. We value their contributions and listen to their point of view. We maintain fairness in all relationships. ? We are courageous. We speak up for what is right. We report wrongdoing when we see it. We use good judgment. We think before we act. We use our purpose, values and ethical principles as decision filters to guide our behavior. ? We are responsible. We accept the consequences of our actions. We admit our mistakes and quickly correct them. We don’t retaliate against those who try to do the right thing by asking questions or raising concerns. However, the reality of Dell's business conduct does not match up with its rhetoric. As happens all too often, Dell, a large corporation allegedly provided unfair or misleading contractual agreements.Despite this code of conduct the company has faced the following during the time of the case: A California law firm has slapped Dell with a class action lawsuit charging the computer giant with â€Å"systematically deceivingâ €  its customers. The New York Attorney General also filed a suit for the same issues. ? The case centers on the allegation that Dell advertises low prices for its computers, but people who try to purchase a machine at the advertised price find it's no longer available for that price. Often those customers wind up with another computer, the suit said.One plaintiff is a San Francisco nurse who said she bought a Dell notebook computer listed at $599 along with an $89 printer, but was billed $1,352 for her order. ? Another plaintiff said Dell shipped him products of lower quality than the ones he had ordered from the company's Web site. The Round Rock, Texas-based PC maker then resisted his efforts to resolve the problem, he said. ? The suit also said that Dell and its lending partner CIT Bank change without notice financing packages promoted as â€Å"easy† and â€Å"preferred,† to include much higher interest rates and hidden charges.The class action challenged the fi nancing practices of Dell, Inc. , Dell Financial Services, L. P. , and CIT Bank for imposing excess finance charges and late fees on consumers. ? The suit alleges that Dell has violated numerous California laws and codes of conduct, including the California Consumer Legal Remedies Act, the California Business and Professions Code and the Unruh Act. ? The New York complaint alleges Dell repeatedly failed to provide timely on-site repair as promised in service contracts and discouraged customers from seeking technical support.The lawsuit claims Dell's New York customers calling the company's toll free support number were subjected to long wait times, frequent transfers and disconnections. Question 6. Dell has settled both cases with the two states. If you were Michael Dell, how would you resolve the differences between the Code of Conduct and the actions of Dell? Should Dell stop advertising low priced computers and then try to step up customers to pricier models or additional feature s dramatically increasing price to the consumer?

IB HL Economics (Macroeconomic Policies) Essay

Deflationary fiscal policies and tight monetary policies will often be used in conjucture during times in which inflation is on the rise (perhaps a little too much), and when which the government aims to apply deflationary pressure to ensure that inflation does not rise too much. Deflationary fiscal policy is when government expenditure decreases and taxation increases. tight monetary policy is when the suppy of money is decreased and the interest rates are increased. Decreasing government expenditure will have the effect of limiting the amount of facilitation the government provides to society to consume/invest, pressuring society to decrease society’s consumption/investment/expenditure. likewise, low supply of money as well as high interest rates will apply a brake on firms and consumers expenditure as they now incur a higher opportunity cost in consuming/supplying/investing due to increased interest rates. Inflationary fiscal policy and loose monetary policy however, have the opposite effect on the economy, and this is because they are implemented at times when there is deflationary pressure on the price level (deflation). inflationary fiscal policy will increase government expenditure as well as decrease taxation, and loose monetary policy will increase the supply ofmoney as well as decrease interest rates. By increasing government expenditure you can now subsidise goods, lowering costs which will have the effect of increasing consumption, as well as provide training schemes to help those who are unemployed find a job. increasing the supply of money increase the amount of flow of money in the economy as there has been an increase in the liquidity in cash. low interest rates attract firms as well as consumers as the opportunity costs to invest/consume have been decreased. for instance, if car loans were previously at 7% during times of inflation (and the government implemented a tight monetary policy), but via deflationary pressure and central banks implementing a decrease in interest rates the car loan interest rate goes down to 5%, it would be much more economical for you to buy a car when it was at 5% than 7% (increase consumption, which would lead to an increase in the price level as overall demand increases)

What Your GMAT Score Means for Your MBA Application

What Your GMAT Score Means for Your MBA Application What Is a GMAT Score? A GMAT score is the score you receive when you take the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT). The GMAT is a standardized exam designed specifically for business majors who are applying to a Master of Business Administration (MBA) program. Nearly all graduate business schools require applicants to submit a GMAT score as part of the admissions process. However, there are some schools that allow applicants to submit GRE scores in place of GMAT scores.   Why Schools Use GMAT Scores GMAT scores are used to help business schools determine how well an applicant will do academically in a business or management program. In most cases, GMAT scores are used to estimate the depth of an applicant’s verbal and quantitative skills. Many schools also view GMAT scores as a good assessment tool for comparing applicants who are similar to each other. For example, if two applicants have comparable undergraduate GPAs, similar work experience, and comparable essays, a GMAT score can allow admissions committees to fairly compare the two applicants. Unlike grade point averages (GPA), GMAT scores are based on the same set of standards for all test takers. How Schools Use GMAT Scores Although GMAT scores can give schools an impression of academic knowledge, they cannot measure many of the other qualities that are necessary for academic success. This is why admission decisions are usually not based on GMAT scores alone. Other factors, such as undergraduate GPA, work experience, essays, and recommendations also determine how applicants will be assessed. The makers of the GMAT recommend that schools use GMAT scores to: Help select applicants for graduate studyHelp select applicants for merit-based financial aid programs (i.e., programs that consider academic achievements or potential)Assist in counseling or guidance programs The makers of the GMAT also suggest that schools avoid using cutoff GMAT scores to eliminate applicants from the admissions process. Such practices could result in the exclusion of relevant groups. (e.g. candidates who are educationally disadvantaged as a result of environmental and/or social circumstances). An example of a cut-off policy might be a school that does not accept students who score under 550 on the GMAT. Most business schools do not have a minimum GMAT score for applicants. However, schools often publish their average GMAT range for admitted students. Getting your score within this range is highly recommended.   Average GMAT Scores Average GMAT scores always vary from year to year. If you are interested in learning more about average GMAT scores, contact the admissions office at your school(s) of choice. They will be able to tell you what the average GMAT score is based on the scores of their applicants. Most schools also publish average GMAT scores for their most recently accepted class of students on their website. This range will give you something to shoot for when you take the GMAT. The GMAT scores shown below can also give you an idea of what the average score is based on percentiles. Keep in mind that GMAT scores can range from 200 to 800 (with 800 being the highest or best score).   99th percentile: 80098th percentile: 75089th percentile: 70076th percentile: 65059th percentile: 60043rd percentile: 55030th percentile: 50019th percentile: 45011th percentile: 4006th percentile: 3503rd percentile: 3002nd percentile: 250

Health Management Information System Governance and Policy Research Paper

Health Management Information System Governance and Policy - Research Paper Example The system also has the role of providing warnings in case of a foreseen epidemic and thus contributing towards future planning, creating a conducive research and reporting environment. This paper tries to explain different strategies as laid out by the U.S government aimed towards the general improvement of Health Information system. It also talks about how an effective HIS should function. Health Information Systems (HIS) can be defined as â€Å"a set of components and procedures organized with the objective of generating information which will improve health care management decisions at all levels of the health system.† (Lippeveld, et al., 2000). The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health systems as â€Å"all organizations, institutions and resources devoted to producing health actions.† It encompasses central, regional, district, community and household levels. These health systems also incorporate two important components; dissemination and communication. The primary goal of a HIS is to allow making of transparent and sound decisions in a health environment. The performance of HIS can be measured by the quality of data produced and the population’s health status. The HIS should incorporate the parameters of demand, supply and generation level of the health system at which data is generated and used. Factors such as input, output and health determinants make up components of demand. Supply involves sources of generating data either relative to population as a whole or those concerned with the operation of services. Presentation of data varies at different levels and at low levels, use of charts is preferred. From here, indicator components are then analyzed and results used to make reports. The HIS allows for making of sound decisions based on four key components; generation of data, compiling collected data, analyzing and coming up with results and communicating new information and implementing it. Assessment of performance of an effective

Turkish Airlines Current 4Ps Marketing Policies Essay

Turkish Airlines Current 4Ps Marketing Policies - Essay Example As of today, almost 51% of its shares are owned by the public, whereas, the remaining are retained by the government. Over the years the company has flourished to the extent that, in 2008 it was named as one of the fastest growing European carriers in terms of traffic and seating capacity (Turkish Airlines, 1996-2012). At a time when the global recession caused other European airlines to cut down their operations, Turkish Airlines managed to demonstrate steady growth in terms of its passenger traffic and seating capacity. The company has over 127 carriers in its fleet and flies to over 145 international and 41 local destinations (Turkish Airlines, 1996-2012). Istanbul is primarily considered to be its gateway to various Middle East destinations. The company’s overall business strategy revolves around expansion and development of its operations. As part of recognition for its strategic efforts, it has been labeled as a four-star airline (Skytrax, 1999-2011). The company, theref ore, is now eyeing the five-star segment and is enhancing the quality and service of its carriers in order to enhance customer experience. An essential part of its overall strategy, therefore, is inevitably the marketing strategy. Holistically, the company is aiming at creating greater brand awareness amongst its target market and to position itself differently from competitors in terms of reliability, safety and quality. The company is targeting the attainment of crucial values such as customer safety and quality service as well as providing value for money. Therefore, the focus of this airline is to provide low cost fares with unmatched quality of customer experience. The 4P’s for the company involve the Product (airline service), Price (fares), Promotion and Place (destinations in this case). As far as the product is concerned, the company has targeted its airline service to a wide range of segments. The company’s primary target market is the leisure customers who m ake up a vast chunk of its overall passengers. The secondary market is the corporate segment, comprising of business executives and corporate individuals. Such customers require corporate discounts (that are perhaps endowed to them by their organizations) since they travel is high volumes. Turkish Airlines has kept this trend in mind and has offered quantity discounts in markets where a large number of multinationals are located. There are several MNCs in Europe such as Shell, Delloit, Deutsche Bank etc that have high volume of business travelers. The company derives a major chunk of its revenues from the â€Å"leisure† segment, as opposed to the business segment. According to a research, 54% of the company’s market share is derived by â€Å"leisure† segment, whereas, 32% is derived from â€Å"corporate† segment. A common terminology used in aviation is that of the load factor which is described as the relation between the aircraft’s lift capabilit y to its weight. Turkish Airline’s load factor has declined over the years, from a rate of 71.5% to 71% (Centre for Aviation, 2010). The company is now taking steps to ensure that its load factor increases, especially during the peak summer period. An efficient load factor of approximately 77% is ideally looked upon as a healthy sign since it shows that the weight is being efficiently utilized through passenger traffic. A crucial aspect of Turkish Airline’s marketing policies has been a focus on Turkish tourism, of which Istanbul is a highly

Adherence Reaction Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Adherence Reaction Paper - Essay Example On Mondays and Fridays, I also include my vitamin B-6 tablet, which I am required to take twice per week. This concludes my morning routine, but not the medication regimen for the day. At night, I take another calcium carbonate and a capsule and a half of Zoloft, which, as it warns, does make me drowsy and helps me get to sleep at night. There are several things that help me adhere to this regimen. I have a pill caddy that I refill every week and carry with me everywhere I go. The rattle of it reminds me to check if I have taken my medication yet while the proper dosage of each pill for each day is already there for me. This is especially helpful for the odd B-6 pill that I am only supposed to take twice per week and is thus easy to forget. During the week, when I have a more regular schedule thanks to my volunteer job at the library, it is relatively easy to keep myself on this regimen. I have to get up at a specific time in the morning anyway in order to get ready for my ‘job’ and the evenings remain relatively quiet so that I can get enough sleep for tomorrow’s work. On the weekends, though, it becomes more difficult because I want to sleep in later, but still get hungry at the same time and I want to stay up later, but the Zoloft continues to make me sleepy. I am motivated to continue taking the medicine, though, out of fear of having a heart attack or simply not be capable of eating comfortably if that horrible heartburn feeling returns. At the same time, there are many things that make me wish I could just scrap the regimen altogether. When I am not volunteering, it is nice to lose all track of scheduling constraints. I like to sleep in late and take my time on various things. On these days, I am usually ravenously hungry when I wake up but have to put this on hold if I want my medications to be effective. This is

Summary of patents and standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary of patents and standards - Essay Example This invention comprised readable data for a computer, which represents an encoded pixel collection. The collection comprises several pixels organized to form a source graphic symbol of the part geometrically similar to an exclusive attribute of the intended graphic symbol. In addition, it is possible to pixel the target graphic symbol using one or more coded pixel cluster. This is the major assertion that the owner of this patent claim, which is similar to other claims. The main objective of this innovation is to encode graphic symbols founded on both the keyboard printable characters for instance letters and numbers and on other printable graphic symbols. Consequently, this will render the decoding more precise even when the printed symbols are only partly clear. The above assertion explains the first and second feature of the invention. The third feature of the invention, involves a technique for processing a printed document containing the intentioned computer legible graphic sym bols. This method can help in identifying the intentioned graphic symbols. This method serves various functions. First, it has a pixel collection fashioned by vision photographing, which are adequately identifiable even at high resolution.

Issues in the Construction of the Scottish Parliament

Issues in the Construction of the Scottish Parliament Introduction This report intends to answer how a national iconic project turned into â€Å"a hugely expensive and politically embarrassing fiasco?† (Fortescue, 2004) by analyzing the reasons that led to delay, cost overrun and quality issue in construction of new Scottish Parliament Building. This report has utilized the researches available on the internet, auditors report and other articles available from varied sources. This report will start by introduction to the background of Scottish Parliament project and will continue by discussing the reason for delays and cost increases, role of the project management and at the end concluding the lessons learned from this project. The reason for selection of this project is that the Scottish Parliament building was estimated to be completed in  £40m but finished at over  £400m which is an interesting parameter to study (BBC, 2004). Background to the Scottish Parliament Project: After the referendum in 1997, Scottish parliament was established as a devolved legislature by Scotland Act 1998. Thereafter, Donald Dewar, Secretary of Scotland state adjudicated to have a purpose built facility to accommodate the Parliament in the Edinburgh city. After having a chaotic journey to completion, Scottish parliament Complex was inaugurated on 9 Oct 2004 by Queen Elizabeth II. Remarkable features of the complex consist of leaf-shaped buildings, flipped over boat shaped roof, a grass-roofed division meeting into adjacent parkland and gabion walls made from the stones. All over the building there are various repeated motifs. Scottish parliament is a complex building comprising of new and old buildings such as Dewar room, Canon gate building, Debating chamber, Garden lobby, MSP building, Media tower, Main hall, Tower building, and Queensberry house. All of these buildings were renovated or constructed as per Architects vision. High end materials like Granite, Cattiness Ston e, Oak Timber, Sycamore Timber, Steel Glass and Marble was used in the construction. Detailed environment and sustainability study was carried out which confirmed that propose built complex is environment friendly (Fraser, 2004). Brief summary of the Project: Road to Holyrood Site Selection: To begin with, Edinburgh City Council provided a long list of 27 sites in Edinburgh. In September 1997 officials short listed three leading options: two new build options, either at Leith or Haymarket, or adapting and developing the existing St Andrews House building (old Royal high school). At this stage, an engineer Jones Lang Wootton was engaged by the Scottish office to viably evaluate the acquisition costs of the shortlisted sites. Measurements of environmental issue and traffic issue were also considered at this point. Haymarket was never considered as preferred option and officials sensed real hostility in Edinburgh to house the Parliament anywhere except centrally thus reducing the chances of Leith (Auditor General, 2000). The Holyrood site was not considered at this stage as it was occupied by Scottish and Newcastle brewery and was anticipated that it would not be completed within the required deadline. However, an accidental meeting of a civil servant on train with an official of Newcastle and subsequent negotiations resulted in the company demonstrating that they would evacuate the site in early 1999. As a consequence, on 8th December Holyrood was short-listed, and design and cost viability studies undertaken. Davis, Langdon and Everest (DLE) , Cost Consultants were commissioned to provide initial cost estimate for proposed sites and the Holyrood site was selected in early 1998 from the shortlist based on the following cost estimate (Auditor General,2000).: Design Selection: Once, the location was finalized the Scottish Office announced an international competition to acquire a designer for a new-fangled building to accommodate the parliament through a competitive selection procedure. The competition was suitably setup with a press release on 26 January 1998. The final design teams named on 7th May 1998 providing the project cost as being in the range of  £50 million excluding VAT (Fraser, 2004). Under the chairmanship of Dewar, a design committee was allotted to choose from a shortlist of designer. Conceptual designs were cost and displayed for public to view and provide their opinion. Feedback from the public depicted that the Catalan architect Enric Miralles designs were one of the most popular. The design team considered public opinion on the designs, and on 6 July 1998 the Enric Miralles‘s design was selected, with work being awarded to a Spanish Scottish design company namely EMBT/RMJM (Scotland) Ltd, exclusively created for the project. Construction management system of procurement was adopted and BLL was appointed as construction manager. In June 1999, construction commenced, by demolishing the Scottish and Newcastle brewery and opening the foundation work (The royal society of Edinburg, 2001). Journey of Estimate: The construction of the Scottish Parliament Complex generated controversy in several aspects. Spiraling costs and the use of public capital to fund the project rendered most controversy. By early 2004, the project was estimated to be  £430m, some ten times higher. In my opinion it is not fair to compare final figure with initial figure of  £10m as it was never an estimated price but an indicative one (Fraser, 2004). Time delay and cost overrun From the beginning, the complex and its construction have been controversial. For instance, Auditor General of Scotland expressed â€Å"in the recent history of Scotland there has not been public building project as complex or as difficult to deliver as the Holyrood Project† (Prasser, S., n.d.). Almost all aspect such as location, design, architect, construction management company, project manager all have been criticized by different factions namely, politician, media and general public. Due to complexity of the project, it is very difficult to single out one reason for delay and cost overrun but infect it was compound and interaction of many factors that resulted in delay and cost overrun (Fraser, 2004). Location: Selection of Holyrood to be the seat of parliament has contributed to delay and cost overrun. Holyrood was not an easy area to work due to the approach and being located in populated area. The selection of Holyrood added  £4.5m to the project being the cost for site acquisition and clearing. As the table1.1 (Fraser, 2004) shows, according to the costing done by DLE Holyrood was not economically attractive. Design and Design Development Factor: Main cause of the delay to the project was from Sept2000 due to the production of detailed design variations and the late supply of information during the construction process (Auditor General, 2004). Construction started in June1999 but Stage D design was approved after a year. Everyone anticipated that this will put an end too uncertainly and provide some sort of anchorage for the project but it did not happen. The project was densely populated, unusual and complex and was pitted against tight deadline. In some cases, trade contractors were responsible for part design but both the architects and some trade contractors failed to deliver some critical elements on time. Design development process added another  £80m to the cost of project. It is a process of bringing approved design to detailed design. This process runs parallel to Tendering and award of work packages and subsequent work on site. From 2000 onward, client didnt change its requirements significantly but the cost of br inging envisioned design to reality escalated (Black, 2004). Increase in area: after several revisions and new requirement were incorporated, total area reached from 16000.00 m2 to 31,000.00 m2 resulting in an increase of 47% and consequently effecting schedule and cost of the project. Building users brief prepared by the authorities substantially underestimated the requirements which resulted in various revisions and thus increase in area. For instance, Mr. Stewart said that the original estimate was â€Å"absolutely, too optimistic for a public building of this nature† (Fraser, 2004). The experience and expertise in construction management was not fully developed and was not present in the early stages of development. Procurement vehicle: In 1998, Civil servants opted for fast track method known as construction management form of procurement to build the parliament complex (Fraser, 2004). It works by fragmenting complete job into several small packages that are awarded, monitored and designed independently of one another. Its advantage is that the overall design doesnt have to be complete at the start of building works. In this form of contract, risk stays with the client, which is responsible for management of each individual work package-in this case around 60. However, after keeping in mind importance and urgency of the project, construction management procurement was the only viable option available. For instance, Harry Thorburn articulated, â€Å"The reality is that construction management was the only contract option for a client wanting to make an early start on a project that was still at the design concept stage† (Fortescue, S. 2004). Communication and coordination was another issue which added to the foes of already troubled project. Fraser (2004) reports that there was a lack of communication, coordination and understanding between stakeholders, for example, resolution of many design issues was delayed due to misunderstanding and lack of communication between RMJM EMBT. Landscaping is although minor part of overall figure, still it reflects failure of system. Cost of landscaping amounting to  £ 14 m came to the surface and was added when the project was well underway during autumn 2001 (Fraser, 2004). Schedule: Time-table for completion by project management was very demanding and idealistic rather than realistic. Construction manger consistently tried to achieve the set target but failed. According to Auditor Generals report (2004), schedule set in Sept 2000 for completion by December 2002 was probably unachievable. Proper EU guidelines and procedures were not followed for appointment of Bovis Lend and Lease as construction manager. BLL was not the lowest, yet they were awarded. BLLs contract was supposed to be converted to Lump sum after finalization of cost plan but was not done. Conversion of fees would have provided a powerful incentive to Bovis to apply maximum rigor in relation to cost control. No system was devised and implemented neither for performance measurement nor for cost reporting, analysis and financial control. Queensberry House proved to be the most costly item, in terms of cost per square meter (Fraser, 2004). However, Queensberrys cost was comparatively minor in context of the full cost of the Project at completion. Golden triangle of quality time and cost was ignored and quality was preferred against time and cost, time was preferred against cost. The undue importance given to time and quality resulted in escalated cost. Security issue and 9/11 factor also played an important role in delay and spiraling cost of the project. Fraser in his inquiry agrees that security bill amounted to  £29.11. Design of anti-blast measures causes a sum of  £17.54m and delay associated with blast causes additional sum of  £11.57m. Another major factor to be recognized was constructing a very complex, unusual building, visionary architecture was difficult to bring to reality. The Debating chamber roof, for example, was an extremely challenging task both for designers and builders (Fraser, 2004). Proper risk analysis and cost management studies were not done. At the early stage of decision making, no independent professional project management company was involved to advise the client. Role of Project Management Role of Project management is to deliver the project on time, within budget and with acceptable quality (Fraser, 2004). In this case, Project management provided an exceptional complex of high quality but failed miserable in context to cost and time. Black (2004) criticized performance of the project management or officials responsible for delivering the project. Decision making process and control over project was not clearly recognized along with lack of leadership. Normally project director is responsible for leadership and control, client delegates the authority to project director to render the project. Here, project director should have had clear responsibility in making decisions on balancing time, cost and quality/performance of the project. Auditor General (2004) affirmed that the client (the Parliament) did not clearly establish leadership and control of project. Leading parties could not agree on cost plan which was a missing link in effective project management, a draft plan was made in late 2000, that was an indicator of the costs instead of available estimate of the cost. Under construction management, design was vague and deficient initially, therefore the risks remained with the client (Fig 1.1). Project management selected a high risk route but failed to manage it properly. Risk accounting was insufficient in early stages and there was no quantified allowance for risk facing the project. Initially project management did introduce a process for quantifying risk and conducted some reviews but the general approach was to accept the cost increase and increase in the forecast as risk materialized. No system or forceful action was adopted to reduce the increase in cost (Fraser, 2004). Project management did not fully implement cost reporting and financial controls. Regular reporting of the total estimated costs of the project only started in July 2003(Black, 2004). Earlier financial reporting was neither comprehensive nor systematic. Once, the overall budget constraint of  £195m was removed by Parliament in June 2001, management did not establish an alternative budget which gave them liberty to achieve high quality and tight deadlines without due considerations of cost implications (Black, 2004; Fraser 2004). Conclusion Project management plays an important role in the success of mega and prestigious projects. Construction of Scottish parliament has put a negative mark on the role of project management. Delay and cost overrun of the project cannot be attributed to the failure of project management only, Fraser (2004) in his inquiry stated that it was the result of systematic failure and it is difficult to single out one villain. Also, there were several mistakes but the biggest one was involved in Procurement system. They were interconnected, increased exponentially, and had a rippling effect which was visible all throughout the period of construction. Despite of all the problems, Scotland has got an architectural gem; its an iconic building representing the land. In few years, the people of Scotland will be as proud of it as the people of Sydney are of Opera House, which was also an example of project failure when it was built (Australian Government Department, 2006; Mosaic Projects, n.d.). The entire project should have agreed project budget and proper set of performance indicators. Proper benchmarking should be done to measure the performance. If, competition is commissioned for selection of design, proper evaluation of pre qualification must be done and compatibility of working cultures should be considered. While selecting the design, attention should be paid to cost and execution problems that may arise due to complexity of design. Procurement route must always be chosen with care coupled with comprehensive evaluation. Construction management procurement route should be used rarely for public projects. Before construction starts adequate time should be available for the planning stage. As Fraser (2004) reports that investing time initially, to develop complete definitions reduces the chance of changes later. Good planning will involve (a) right sequence of construction to avoid delays and extra costs, (b) risk management (c) using value management to evaluate the role of each element of the construction processes (Black, 2004) (d) Selection of proper planning system â€Å"There must always be sufficient time for procurement to allow the clients requirements to be adequately defined so that it may obtain fixed and firm prices for the work in a competition† (Black, 2004). In all projects, performance payment incentives system should be initiated for contractors to perform against targets for quality, time and cost. Clearly defined duties and single point of leadership with explicit authority and responsibility should be ensured. Strong system of reporting and transparent channels of communication must be devised. It is essential that full contracts, guarantees and bond should be secured to prevent the risk. Early involvement of contractors in design phase might help in solving the problems later on. Concurrent engineering should be carried out to avoid complications during execution. Safety measures needs to be a considered as an integral part. In this particular case, no one would have anticipated the impact of 9/11. So it is better to have some contingency plan in place to tackle unforeseen events. Bibliography: Auditor General (2004). ‘Management of the Holyrood building project prepared for the Auditor General for Scotland Project overview, the reason for later delivery and increased costs, project management and control. Chapters 1-5., pp 1-92. Available from: http://www.audit-scotland.gov.uk/docs/central/2004/nr_040629_holyrood_project.pdf [Accessed: 2nd April 2010]. Auditor General (2000). ‘The new Scottish Parliament building an examination of the management of the Holyrood building project prepared for the Auditor General for Scotland. Available from: http://www.audit-scotland.gov.uk/docs/central/2000/nr_000919_new_parliament_building.pdf [Accessed: 3rd April 2010]. Australian Government Department (2006). ‘Sydney Opera House Nomination by the govt of Australia. Available from: http://www.sydneyoperahouse.com/uploadedFiles/About_Us/Ad_Hoc_Information_Pages/WorldHeritageNominationDocument.pdf [Accessed 8th April 2010] BBC (2004). ‘Timeline: Holyrood. Available from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3210729.stm [Accessed: 2nd April 2010]. Black, R. (2004). ‘Presentation by the Auditor General for Scotland, Robert Black to the Audit Committee of the Scottish Parliament, on his report, Managing of the Holyrood building project Available from: http://www.audit-scotland.gov.uk/docs/central/2004/nr_040629_holyrood_projec_statement_pr.pdf. [Accessed: 4th April 2010] Black R. (2004) ‘Audit Scotland. Available from: http://www.audit-scotland.gov.uk/publications/pdf/2004/04pf07ag.pdf [Accessed: 4th April 2010] Black R. (2004) ‘Audit committee official report 29 June 2004 Available from: http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/committees/audit/or-04/au04-1402.htm [Accessed: 4th April 2010] Edinphoto (n.d.). ‘Scottish Parliament Complex at Holyrood. Available from: http://www.edinphoto.org.uk/0_edin_t/0_edinburgh_transport_buses_terminus_36_holyrood_024373.htm [Accessed: 2nd April 2010] Fortescue, S. (2004). ‘The  £431 million question. Available from: http://www.pennwood.org.uk/Level%20Four/L402/Holyrood%20example.pdf [Accessed: 3rd April 2010] Fortescue, S. (2004). ‘The  £431 million question supply management. Available from: http://www.supplymanagement.com/analysis/features/2004/the-431-million-question/ [Accessed: 3rd April 2010] Fraser, R. H. L. (2004). ‘A Report by the Rt Hon Lord Fraser of Carmyllie QC on his Inquiry into the About Holyrood Project. SP Paper 205. Available from: http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/holyrood/inquiry/sp205-00.htm [Accessed: 2nd April 2010]. Fraser, R.H.L. (2004). ‘Events Prior to 1 May 1997. Available from: http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/holyrood/inquiry/sp205-02.htm. [Accessed: 2nd April 2010] Fraser, R.H.L. (2004). ‘White Paper to the Passing of the Scotland Act 1998. Available from: http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/holyrood/inquiry/sp205-03.htm [Accessed: 2nd April 2010] Fraser, R.H.L. (2004). ‘Selection of the Holyrood Site. Available from: http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/holyrood/inquiry/sp205-04.htm [Accessed: 2nd April 2010] Fraser, R.H.L. (2004). ‘Appointment of the Architect Available from: http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/holyrood/inquiry/sp205-05.htm [Accessed: 2nd April 2010] Fraser, R.H.L. (2004). ‘The Evolution of the Building User Brief. Available from: http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/holyrood/inquiry/sp205-06.htm [Accessed: 2nd April 2010] Fraser, R.H.L. (2004). ‘Construction Management. Available from: http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/holyrood/inquiry/sp205-07.htm [Accessed: 2nd April 2010] Fraser, R.H.L. (2004). ‘The Appointment of the Construction Manager. Available from: http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/holyrood/inquiry/sp205-08.htm [Accessed: 2nd April 2010] Fraser, R.H.L. (2004). ‘Project Management 1998 to 1 June 1999. Available from: http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/holyrood/inquiry/sp205-09.htm [Accessed: 2nd April 2010] Fraser, R.H.L. (2004). ‘The Project from Handover to February 2000. Available from: http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/holyrood/inquiry/sp205-10.htm [Accessed: 2nd April 2010] Fraser, R.H.L. (2004). ‘Early 2000 and the Establishment of the Holyrood Progress Group. Available from: http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/holyrood/inquiry/sp205-11.htm [Accessed: 2nd April 2010] Fraser, R.H.L. (2004). ‘The Holyrood Project June to December 2000 -Stage D The Cost Plan. Available from: http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/holyrood/inquiry/sp205-12.htm [Accessed: 2nd April 2010] Fraser, R.H.L. (2004). ‘The Project from Late 2000. Available from: http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/holyrood/inquiry/sp205-13.htm [Accessed: 2nd April 2010] Fraser, R.H.L. (2004). ‘Planning, Queensberry House and the Role of Historic Scotland. Available from: http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/holyrood/inquiry/sp205-14.htm [Accessed: 2nd April 2010] Fraser, R.H.L. (2004). ‘Programming and Design Delay- Factual Background- Construction Manager. Available from: http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/holyrood/inquiry/sp205-15.htm [Accessed: 2nd April 2010] Fraser, R.H.L. (2004). ‘Security Issues. Available from: http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/holyrood/inquiry/sp205-16.htm [Accessed: 2nd April 2010] Fraser, R.H.L. (2004). ‘The Holyrood Project from Autumn 2003 Onwards. Available from: http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/holyrood/inquiry/sp205-17.htm [Accessed: 2nd April 2010] Meredith, J.R. Mantel, S.J. (2006). ‘Project management a managerial approach 6th edition. John Wiley sons, New York. Mosaic Projects (n.d.). ‘Avoiding the successful failure. Available from: http://www.mosaicprojects.com.au/PDF_Papers/P046_Successful_Failure.pdf [Accessed: 8th April 2010]. Prasser, S. (n.d.). ‘Parallels with Overseas Experience: The Holyrood Building Project, Scotland Overcoming the White Elephant Syndrome in Big and Iconic Projects in the Public and Private Sectors. Available from: http://epress.anu.edu.au/anzsog/imp/mobile_devices/ch05s07.html [Accessed: 4th April 2004] Project Management Institute (2004). ‘A guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge third edition (PMBOK Guides). Project Management Institute. Newtown Square. USA.:Philadelpia. Roberts, D (2003). ‘MSP says Holyrood builders are left idle Available from: http://www.scotsman.com/politics/MSP-says-Holyrood-builders-are.2459894.jp [Accessed: 4th April 2010]. Supply management.com (2004). ‘The  £431 million question. Available from: http://www.supplymanagement.com/analysis/features/2004/the-431-million-question/ [Accessed: 3rd April 2010] Scottish Parliament, (2001). ‘The Scottish Parliament building. Available from: http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/research/pdf_res_notes/rn01-64.pdf. [Accessed: 5th April 2010] The royal society of Edinburg (2001). ‘Engineering the Scottish Parliament building. Available from: http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/events/reports/2000-2001/rae_01.pdf [Accessed: 4th April 2010] The Scottish Government (2007). ‘The government economic strategy. Available from: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/202993/0054092.pdf. [Accessed: 3rd April 2010] Westland, J. (2006). ‘The Project Management Life Cycle. London: Kogan Page.